By Robert Strybel, "The Polish Answer Man" Poppies first made their way to Poland in the Middle Ages from Hungary and Bohemia, To this day they play an important role in various sweet dishes and cakes, especially those associated with Christmas. Although educated people were aware of the opium connection in other countries, the variety available in Poland was regarded mainly as a culinary ingredient. Regarding poppyseeds mainly as a pastry filling or something to sprinkle on bread and rolls, French travelers to Poland centuries ago were surprised to see Poles eating a poppyseed filling or pudding (containing nuts, raisins and honey) by the spoonful. In the Polish public mind, poppies were associated not so much with their sedative qualities, but rather had a certain ritual significance symbolizing abundance and fertility. They were and continue to be an absolute must on the Poles’ single most important family occasion of the year – Wigilia or Christmas Eve supper. There they may appear in such dishes as:
In the political/cultural realm, "Czerowne maki na Monte Cassino" is the name of a popular World War II vintage song about the capture of the Nazi stronghold in Monte Cassino monastery in Italy. The Polish Second Corps of Gen. Władysław Anders routed the Germans after English and Australian troops had failed, thereby opening the Allies' march on Rome. But the casualty rate was very high. The song states that "The Red Poppies on Monte Cassino are all the redder because they fed on Polish blood..."
In Stalinist Poland (1945-1956) the song was banned because it lauded the Free Polish Forces in the West.